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Post by missouriboy on Dec 7, 2017 2:09:08 GMT
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Post by sigurdur on Dec 14, 2017 19:08:05 GMT
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Post by Ratty on Dec 14, 2017 22:22:47 GMT
" It is increasingly apparent that climate can impact geology, ...." Hasn't it always been apparent that climate can impact geology? Speaking of growing mountains:
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Post by Ratty on Dec 14, 2017 23:06:14 GMT
Carbon dioxide is causing mountains to become larger:
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Post by missouriboy on Dec 14, 2017 23:59:16 GMT
Carbon dioxide is causing mountains to become larger: New towers of Babel for the lefties to climb.
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Post by sigurdur on Dec 17, 2017 17:43:02 GMT
rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/371/1696/20150345?utm_source=TrendMD&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=Philosophical_Transactions_B_TrendMD_1Wildfire has been an important process affecting the Earth's surface and atmosphere for over 350 million years and human societies have coexisted with fire since their emergence. Yet many consider wildfire as an accelerating problem, with widely held perceptions both in the media and scientific papers of increasing fire occurrence, severity and resulting losses. However, important exceptions aside, the quantitative evidence available does not support these perceived overall trends. Instead, global area burned appears to have overall declined over past decades, and there is increasing evidence that there is less fire in the global landscape today than centuries ago. Regarding fire severity, limited data are available. For the western USA, they indicate little change overall, and also that area burned at high severity has overall declined compared to pre-European settlement. Direct fatalities from fire and economic losses also show no clear trends over the past three decades. Trends in indirect impacts, such as health problems from smoke or disruption to social functioning, remain insufficiently quantified to be examined. Global predictions for increased fire under a warming climate highlight the already urgent need for a more sustainable coexistence with fire. The data evaluation presented here aims to contribute to this by reducing misconceptions and facilitating a more informed understanding of the realities of global fire. This article is part of themed issue ‘The interaction of fire and mankind’.
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Post by sigurdur on Dec 17, 2017 19:32:30 GMT
www.pnas.org/content/109/9/E535.shortAbstract Understanding the causes and consequences of wildfires in forests of the western United States requires integrated information about fire, climate changes, and human activity on multiple temporal scales. We use sedimentary charcoal accumulation rates to construct long-term variations in fire during the past 3,000 y in the American West and compare this record to independent fire-history data from historical records and fire scars. There has been a slight decline in burning over the past 3,000 y, with the lowest levels attained during the 20th century and during the Little Ice Age (LIA, ca. 1400–1700 CE [Common Era]). Prominent peaks in forest fires occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (ca. 950–1250 CE) and during the 1800s. Analysis of climate reconstructions beginning from 500 CE and population data show that temperature and drought predict changes in biomass burning up to the late 1800s CE. Since the late 1800s , human activities and the ecological effects of recent high fire activity caused a large, abrupt decline in burning similar to the LIA fire decline. Consequently, there is now a forest “fire deficit” in the western United States
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Post by Ratty on Dec 17, 2017 23:27:55 GMT
www.pnas.org/content/109/9/E535.shortAbstract Understanding the causes and consequences of wildfires in forests of the western United States requires integrated information about fire, climate changes, and human activity on multiple temporal scales. We use sedimentary charcoal accumulation rates to construct long-term variations in fire during the past 3,000 y in the American West and compare this record to independent fire-history data from historical records and fire scars. There has been a slight decline in burning over the past 3,000 y, with the lowest levels attained during the 20th century and during the Little Ice Age (LIA, ca. 1400–1700 CE [Common Era]). Prominent peaks in forest fires occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (ca. 950–1250 CE) and during the 1800s. Analysis of climate reconstructions beginning from 500 CE and population data show that temperature and drought predict changes in biomass burning up to the late 1800s CE. Since the late 1800s , human activities and the ecological effects of recent high fire activity caused a large, abrupt decline in burning similar to the LIA fire decline. Consequently, there is now a forest “fire deficit” in the western United States Thanks Sig. And this ....
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Post by nautonnier on Dec 18, 2017 13:56:03 GMT
www.pnas.org/content/109/9/E535.shortAbstract Understanding the causes and consequences of wildfires in forests of the western United States requires integrated information about fire, climate changes, and human activity on multiple temporal scales. We use sedimentary charcoal accumulation rates to construct long-term variations in fire during the past 3,000 y in the American West and compare this record to independent fire-history data from historical records and fire scars. There has been a slight decline in burning over the past 3,000 y, with the lowest levels attained during the 20th century and during the Little Ice Age (LIA, ca. 1400–1700 CE [Common Era]). Prominent peaks in forest fires occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (ca. 950–1250 CE) and during the 1800s. Analysis of climate reconstructions beginning from 500 CE and population data show that temperature and drought predict changes in biomass burning up to the late 1800s CE. Since the late 1800s , human activities and the ecological effects of recent high fire activity caused a large, abrupt decline in burning similar to the LIA fire decline. Consequently, there is now a forest “fire deficit” in the western United States Thanks Sig. And this .... Pyrophytes and Serotiny "Perhaps the most amazing fire adaptation is that some species actually require fire for their seeds to sprout. Some plants, such as the lodgepole pine, Eucalyptus, and Banksia, have serotinous cones or fruits that are completely sealed with resin. These cones/fruits can only open to release their seeds after the heat of a fire has physically melted the resin. Other species, including a number of shrubs and annual plants, require the chemical signals from smoke and charred plant matter to break seed dormancy. Some of these plants will only sprout in the presence of such chemicals and can remain buried in the soil seed bank for decades until a wildfire awakens them. The image shows lodgepole pine seedlings growing next to the charred remains of their parent plants following the 1988 Yellowstone National Park fires."www.britannica.com/list/5-amazing-adaptations-of-pyrophytic-plants" Black fire beetles of the genus Melanophila possess unusual infrared sensors. It seems that they use these to detect forest fires, even from great distances, since their wood-eating larvae can only develop in freshly burned trees. Scientists have been wondering for a long time how sensitive these biological IR sensors really are. Researchers have concluded that the beetles' sensors might even be more sensitive that uncooled infrared sensors designed by humans. Having this natural model opens up new perspectives, such as for early warning systems for forest fires." www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120523102148.htmAs these plants and animals can only successfully breed/spread in the presence of forest fires and this is an evolutionary change it is obvious that forest fires are a continual and regular part of these plants and animals habitats which they then take advantage of. It is only the presence of humans who put the fires out rather than let them run their course that has reduced the number of forest fires in some areas. However, by misunderstanding how nature works the 'green' environmentalists have ensured that when there is a fire it becomes a really major destructive fire by ensuring that all the small fires are extinguished - the fuel for fires increases until the fire is too big to contain.
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Post by Ratty on Dec 18, 2017 22:43:51 GMT
Thanks Sig. And this .... Pyrophytes and Serotiny "Perhaps the most amazing fire adaptation is that some species actually require fire for their seeds to sprout. Some plants, such as the lodgepole pine, Eucalyptus, and Banksia, have serotinous cones or fruits that are completely sealed with resin. These cones/fruits can only open to release their seeds after the heat of a fire has physically melted the resin. Other species, including a number of shrubs and annual plants, require the chemical signals from smoke and charred plant matter to break seed dormancy. Some of these plants will only sprout in the presence of such chemicals and can remain buried in the soil seed bank for decades until a wildfire awakens them. The image shows lodgepole pine seedlings growing next to the charred remains of their parent plants following the 1988 Yellowstone National Park fires."www.britannica.com/list/5-amazing-adaptations-of-pyrophytic-plants" Black fire beetles of the genus Melanophila possess unusual infrared sensors. It seems that they use these to detect forest fires, even from great distances, since their wood-eating larvae can only develop in freshly burned trees. Scientists have been wondering for a long time how sensitive these biological IR sensors really are. Researchers have concluded that the beetles' sensors might even be more sensitive that uncooled infrared sensors designed by humans. Having this natural model opens up new perspectives, such as for early warning systems for forest fires." www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120523102148.htmAs these plants and animals can only successfully breed/spread in the presence of forest fires and this is an evolutionary change it is obvious that forest fires are a continual and regular part of these plants and animals habitats which they then take advantage of. It is only the presence of humans who put the fires out rather than let them run their course that has reduced the number of forest fires in some areas. However, by misunderstanding how nature works the 'green' environmentalists have ensured that when there is a fire it becomes a really major destructive fire by ensuring that all the small fires are extinguished - the fuel for fires increases until the fire is too big to contain. AMEN to that.
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Post by missouriboy on Dec 25, 2017 5:15:25 GMT
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Post by Ratty on Dec 25, 2017 7:23:27 GMT
That settles it .... I'm staying put here where we never have floods.
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Post by sigurdur on Jan 19, 2018 1:44:36 GMT
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Post by sigurdur on Jul 20, 2018 0:28:22 GMT
science.sciencemag.org/content/306/5698/1015?ijkey=3e032f4d25a027eeb33d89af76f335d6691abaa2&keytype2=tf_ipsecshaThe western United States is experiencing a severe multiyear drought that is unprecedented in some hydroclimatic records. Using gridded drought reconstructions that cover most of the western United States over the past 1200 years, we show that this drought pales in comparison to an earlier period of elevated aridity and epic drought in AD 900 to 1300, an interval broadly consistent with the Medieval Warm Period. If elevated aridity in the western United States is a natural response to climate warming, then any trend toward warmer temperatures in the future could lead to a serious long-term increase in aridity over western North America
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Post by sigurdur on Jul 20, 2018 18:33:52 GMT
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