Notice the dates of the Elfstedentocht - "11 city race"
from
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ElfstedentochtThe Elfstedentocht (English translation: "Journey of Eleven Cities") is a speed skating competition and leisure skating tour held irregularly in the province of Friesland, Netherlands.
The tour, almost 200 km in length, is conducted on frozen canals, rivers and lakes between the eleven Frisian cities: Leeuwarden, Sneek, IJlst, Sloten, Stavoren, Hindeloopen, Workum, Bolsward, Harlingen, Franeker, Dokkum and finally again Leeuwarden. The tour is not held every year, mostly because not every Dutch winter permits skating on natural ice. Adding to that, the tour currently features about 15,000 amateur skaters taking part, putting high requirements on the quality of the ice. There is a stated regulatory requirement for the race to take place that the ice must be (and remain at) a minimum thickness of 15 centimetres along the entirety of the course.
There are likely to be points along the route where the ice is too thin to allow mass skating, or where there is some other problem (e.g., there is actually an organisation "Committee Elfsteden Nee" that is opposed to the race and sabotaged the route in 1997 by laying salt on the ice at one place). These are called "kluning points" (from West Frisian klúnje) and the skaters walk on their skates to the next stretch of good ice. In 1997 ice-transplantation was introduced to strengthen weak places in the ice, for instance under bridges.
Since the Elfstedentocht is such a rare occurrence, its declaration creates excitement all over the country. The day before the race many Dutch flock to Leeuwarden to enjoy the party atmosphere that surrounds the event. The evening before the race called the "Nacht van Leeuwarden" (Night of Leeuwarden) becomes a giant city-wide street party (Frisians, who have a reputation of surliness, are said to thaw when it freezes). At the day of the race most Frisians and Dutchmen stay home to watch the race on television.
Year Winner Time Distance Average speed
1909 Minne Hoekstra 13:50 189 km 13.7 km/h
1912 Coen de Koning 11:40 189 km 16.2 km/h
1917 Coen de Koning 9:53 189 km 19.1 km/h
1929 Karst Leemburg 11:09 191 km 17.1 km/h
1933 Abe de Vries and Sipke Castelein 9:53 195 km 19.7 km/h
1940 Piet Keizer, Auke Adema, Cor Jongert, Dirk van Duim and Sjouke Westra 11:30 198.5 km 17.3 km/h
1941 Auke Adema 9:19 198.5 km 21.3 km/h
1942 Sietze de Groot 8:44 198 km 22.7 km/h
1947 Jan van der Hoorn 10:51 191 km 17.6 km/h
1954 Jeen van den Berg 7:35 198.5 km 26.2 km/h
1956 no winner declared (*) — 190.5 km —
1963 Reinier Paping 10:59 196.5 km 17.9 km/h
1985 Evert van Benthem 6:47 196.8 km 29.0 km/h
1986 Evert van Benthem 6:55 199.3 km 28.8 km/h
1997 Henk Angenent 6:49 199.6 km 29.3 km/h